Repeating flash and synchronizing apparatus



' Feb. 26, 1946. C, L, OSWALD 2,395,500

'REPEATING FLSH AND SYNCHRONIZING APPARATUS Filed June 19, -1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 a4? 5 lll/Ilz. 5

Snvcntor Carl Louis Oswal Gttorncg Feb. 26, 1946. c. I oswALD REPEATING FLASH AND 'SYNCHRONIZING APPARATUS Filed June 19, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fm Fi .15 mm Mw Feb. 26, 1946. c. l.. oswALD REPEATING FLASH AND SYNCHRONIZING APPARATUS Filed June 19, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 :inventor Oswal CArllUiS g wm im LA Feb. Z6, 1946. c. n oswALD REPEATING FLASH AND SYNCHRONIZING AP'PARATUS Filed June 19, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 11327 Sumter "Ca'rl Lavis Osoal BB IMG-nm DIA-KA ltormg Patented Feb. zama "eric 2,395,500 l f naraA'rINo msn A'Nn srNcomzrNG mana'rus cari Louis oswaid, New York. N. Y., assigner te as trustee. for himself and Warren Foster, Eustis, Fla.'

Application June 1s, 194s, serial No. 491.542 j as claim. (cac40- zi In its essence this invention may be said to be that of a. repeating flash-light apparatus or iiashgun to illuminate objects to be photographed. It relates to a device which automatically and repetitiously and in immediate succession produces a large number of ilashes and. ii used for photo-'- graphic purposes, preferably at the same time causes an exposure to be made upon alight sensitive film or the like which` is disposed within a camera. After each such ilash and exposure. my apparatus automatically advances ready for the next operation the material which is to be volatilized to produce the illumination ci? the object to be photographed and preferably also the film which is to be exposed to that object to record its image. To produce such ilashes, my apparatus uses material which is characterized by a very small fraction of theweight and bulir ci the dash bulbs ordinarily employed by photographers fo such purposes.

The material which I employ to produce the dashes is preferablyA of such character that when volatilized following the application of an elecconvenience in this specification, l refer to thisv material as a wire." But by this term I include material of many dille-rent characteristics and .forms all .as I set out at greater length hereinafter and in a cti-pending application to which-I later refer.

. LPreferred mechanical embodiments of this invention consist of a mounting, a reflector supported by the mounting,two pairs of spaced jaws or clamps within or adjacent to the reliector between Which a desired length of wire is iirmly held in order to be volatilizcd, a carrier for the wire, and mechanism operated by movement of a trigser for automatically applying an electrical current to the length of wire thereby producing a flash and immediately thereafter replacing the wire with another charge ready for the next op-` eration. Preferably the carrier and trigger-operated mechanism are disposed to the rear oi the mirror, the wire passing therefrom through open ings in the mirror and the Jaws being supported and operated by connections which pass through openings in the mirror and engage the mechanism therebehind. I prefer to supply mechanism by' means of which the space between these pairs of jaws and hence the length of wire delivered there- `to may be automatically and jointly varied, thus making possible ilashes of varying degrees of photosraphic eectiveness.

My dash-light apparatus is preferably but not necessarily synchronized with mechanism oi acamera for operating a shutter thereof and in certain cases advancing a lm therein. Withsuch a device' and camera, a photographer may take any reasonable number o! pictures in immediato succession, each articially illuminated. In tact he can take photographs at night as last as he can pull a trigger within the limits oi the illm capacity of his camera.

My flash-gun is intended tor many' and in fact vthe majority of purposes to supplant the present use of ash bulbs. In recent years almost all :lash-light exposures have beenproducedby `the use of such bulbs.J

The chiefl limiting elements in the present use ci flash bulbs are the trouble and delay (and danger of burns'or re) in changing those bulbs in order to make successive exposures, the relatively great bulk, weight and fragility of flash bulbs, and their high cost. `My invention overcomes all of these disadvantages.

According to present common practice, separate bulbs are individually sealed in their holders for each exposure. Thereupon an electric current is kapplied to a bulb and the materiel therewithin is burned, Then the operator removes the bulb from its holder, being careful not to burn his incis for it is extremely hot at that time, inserts auother, and so proceeds to take another picture. He also must use great care in disposing oi the v used bulb for its heat is such it can easily cause a re.. lf an automatic elector is used, the hot bulb is thrown out of the flash-gun, an opera tion which docs notl solve the problem oi the disposition of the hot bulb and presents a new prob lernv of breakage oi the hot bulb when it strikes the floor or whatever may be in its path. Alternately, holders have been proposed which accommodate a plurality of bulbs and also composite bulbs having a. plurality of single flashing units l built within each. Also, magazine devices. of considerabie complexity and bulk, have been proposed in 'which a few bulbs are successively advanced to tiring posit-icm Such expediente, however, have only slightly reduced the time, danger and trouble which are required for successive exposures. Moreover, they haveonly slightly, if at all, lessened the bulk and weight oi the material which a photographer has been required to carry in order to make pictures requiring articial i1- lumination. v

Conventional :dash bulbs even of thesmallest size-are difficult to transport, especially in quantity, and are fragile enough to require careful handling. The so-called peanut bulb of small size which is most generally used by news and amateur photographers is ordinarily packed in cartons containing 120 bulbs. Each of these cartons weighs when packed about five pounds and measures roughly 17 x 8 x 'l inches. Fifty-six` thousand ilash bulbs of this size when packed for shipment will weigh approximately one ton and will require approximately 255 cubic yfeet of shipping space. One pound of wire such as I have successfully used in the practice of my invention, however, will produce a minimum of 56,000 dashes-the same number. When cut in small lengths oi' say ten feet and spooled for quick application to my device they need not weigh over ilve pounds and will bulk less than one cubic foot. It will thus be seen that by a conservative estimate the material to be employed to produce articially illuminated exposures under my system requires less than one two-hundredth part of the weight and bulk of that which is required by the smallest type of ilash bulb in common use.

A second ditllculty ol almost equal importance, at least for the amateur, is the high cost of these bulbs. Wire such as is satisfactory for my use costs, when spooled ready for use, a small fraction of the cost of nash bulbs which will give a similar number cf exposures.

In recent years, the tendency in the development of photographic equipment, particularly for amateur and news use, has been in the direction of small sizes and light weight. Cameras in common use today weigh a mere fraction o! those of even ten years ago. Yetl a photographer who can carry his camera literally in his pocket is citen forced to hire an assistant to carry heavy and bulky packages of flash bulbs. Enough of my material for from 80 to 120 exposures is carred upon a reel of much less bulk and weight than. that used for a typewriter ribbon. The bulk and diillculty ci transportation of ilash bulbs probably form the limitation which most severely curtails the freedom and range of movement of a working (or amateur) photographer.

In preferred forms of the invention the lengths ol wire to be volatized can be varied at will, thus making it possible for a photographer to increase or decrease the intensity oi the ilash in order to meet varying requirements. For example, when the camera and hash-gun are combined in a synchronized unit, as is preferred, more light is needed to provide adequate illumination at 15 feet from the subject than would be needed in a close-up at 6 feet or less. With the flash bulbs which are presently in use, the photographer opens the diaphragm of the lens which is a somewhat delicate and time consuming operation, to compensate for the lesser amount oi' light on the object at the greater distance and vice versa. With my device, however, the photographer need not change the diaphragm of the lens, but merely set the device sc as to volatllise whatever length of wire he calculates will best illuminate the subject at the distance at which each picture is to be taken. Also as he replaces a film of one sensitivlty with that of another he can make the necessary adjustments in the flashing device by merely changing the length of wire and can leave the diaphragm setting untouched.

A related advantage from the use of my system arises from the easy interchangeability of carriers carrying wires which on volatilization producev different spectral characteristics. Also, one carrier supports wire which gives a ilash of ordinary intensity while others carry material which gives much greater illumination, The lengths of each of these respective wires which are suitable' for a given purpose generally diner; but the mechanism of my device is such that inl stant and automatic adjustment can be so made that the instrument delivers the amount of each material which is proper for the use in hand.

This invention is designed especially to meet many o! the ordinary needs of news cameramen and others who wish to make close-ups o r the like of a more or less informal character and require speed in lhandling their equipment and demand a minimum o! bulk, trouble and expense. It is true that for some of the more specialized types of photography in which bulk and dimculty oi manipulation are not such important disadvantages, a photographer may well continue to use the larger and more specialized types of flash bulbs. My invention, by the use of special wires, is equally weil adapted for many of such specialized uses, but in many such cases since the photographs are generally to be made within a studio or other place where conditions may be well controlled and are generally few in number, conventional fiash bulbs may often be used to advantage.

As I have pointed out hereinbefore, I have employed and shall employ the term "wire" generically and to cover a large variety o! materials in many different forms. In this application I am describing the material which I use and the elecrical currents which I apply thereto only to that brief extent which is necessary for an understanding of the structure described and claimed herein.

The substance which is volatilized to produce the hash may be a wire, a thin ribbon, a composite fabric woven of many metallic strands, a fabric woven of organic and metallic strands, or minute separate wires suitably supported, or the like. Such organic threads may be used to carry color controlling chemicals or to give desired physical characteristics or both, This wire or ribbon or the like may be'made by conven- 45 tional means such as drawing or under certain conditions by powder metallurgy, lamination, the

deposition of a second metal upon a wire or ribbon already produced, or by a combination of any of the foregoing. Such deposition may be chemical or physical, as by condensation, plating, immersion or other suitable means. It should be understood that the above statement is for purposes of illustration only.

Thus it will be understood that in the claims 55 when I use the term "wire," I mean to include all other forms of iilamented or strip or other similar material which can be volatilized for this purpose.

An illustration of the practice of my invention 50 in what isl probably its most simple form includes use of aluminum wire having a diameter of about .013 inch (28 gauge Brown 8: Sharpe) and a length of from l inch to 11/2 inches. Volatilization of one inch of this wire within approximately one-iiftieth of a second under the impact of direct current of 8 amperes at 110 volts in a totally dark room makes pictures on a illm having a daylight Weston rating of 50. It produces vnegatives of better than average density 70 with the ash set over 9 feet from the subject and with the camera lens set at an aperture of F: 4.5. With such a flash, background detail at a distance of l feet from the flash is well shown.

Other variables include both the amperage and to volatiae The applied voltage is'critical in.

.. that it determines c olor temperature and speed ot the flash. It will, of course, Beunderstood by those who are skilled in the electrical arts that the diameter and length of the substance which is volatilired, as well as the characteristics of that substance, including conductivity and resistance, determine the quality for photographic of the flash which results from volatilization. Generally speaking, the material to be chosen is that which for a given length and diameter at a given electrical input willyield the highest photographic eectiveness. It is the couple of length and diameter which is critical. l

It should be particularly pointed out'that the practice of this invention depends upon the volatilization of the wire which is employed and not upon kits combustion. According to this invention, illuminationis provided by a physical. not a chemical, change of form. Volatilization requires heat. which I supply electrically. Comquickly become cloudy. pitted or otherwise unilt for its purpose. In fact. reiiectors which have been employed with terlals characterized by rapid combustion may my device show no reduction in optical eihciency.

tdi; should be understood, however, that for cerpurposes, such, for example, as controlling thev color of the emitted light, ma'- becombined if desired with those whichvolatilize.

Also. although ordinarily undesirable for photography, my apparatus may be used for handling materials which uare subject to rapid combustion in air rather than to volatilization.

Another advantage of my invention in comparison with the use of flash bulbs is that I produce aline source of light. This highly concentrated light can be focused easily and -with high optical eillciency. Aconventional dash bulb cannot be eilectively focused. if at all, because the flash bulb'produce's its light over a relatively large area. The shape and size of the source bustion. however, requires heat to initiate it- 'and then generally by oxidation continues the reaction to lcolr/llvietion and in so doing produces heat. This distinction is one baslsfor the relatively greater sa'iety of my device.v Flash bulbs -depend upon combustion, ordinarily by the oxidation of fine metall-ic wiresor thin illms in azi-oxygen at resulting from an accident, might cause it to melt,

of light which I employ make it possible, `by

relative movement between the line source .and the focal point of .the redactor, to produce parallel convergent or divergent light, thereby obtaining the advantages of each for the particular lighting problem in hand. Such an arrangement is either impossible or impractical with a iiash bulb.

In considering my invention, both alone and in Y ,relation to conventional flash bulbs, it should be butv not to burn, for it is not subject to combustion.

. As an example of the relative safety of the two systems, it may be said that many photographers are painfully familiar with the serious burns which they have suiered either in removing a ilash .lamp from its holder before itv has cooled suiilciently to behandled without gloves, or, in those instances in which the bulbs have been ilred prematurely. In my own early experiments I have repeatedly inadvertently caused my wire to iiasliprematurely while my hands have been about it, and have .suered not even momentary pointed out that I use the volatillzation of wire as the sole source of illumination. In the prior art, electric currents have been applied to wires nil-ribbons in order to ignite bodies of flash powder, generally magnesium. Such devices are comparable to c. conventional flash bulb with- `out the advantages which undoubtedly result from the placing of the material which is' burned with- 40 in an envelope wherein a necessary atmosphere' inconvenience. Photographers and their associ;

ates also remember the many cases in. which used bulbs when placed in waste-paper baskets or the like, before they have been cooled, have caused fires.

Another great advantage ci a material which voiatilces in comparison with one which burns is that in vclatilizaticn the znateiial is completeiy--cr, erect J.elly speaking, completely-dissipeted, tvhi. e. considerable amount of ash generaliy remains after any common type of combustion. in my fleshwgun, for example, ywhile there may be e, very slight amount ci. ash owing vto imperfect voiatilization, as is occasionally likely under Working conditions, this residue from a single flash. is toc small even to noticeable. what little there is, is cool. smell length of wire which .remains in the lower jaw after each flash is, oi course, entirely harmless and unobjectlonehie. used hash bulb, however, must in one way or another be disposed ci.

A result o' the above advantageous characteristie is that with volatilieation a reflector which cooperates with a wire being dashed remains clear and optically undamaged. If, however, I were to employ a material which burns instead 'of volatilizes, a reilector associated. with it would rear-oi the reflector, provide c. housing to faccan lie-created. Also, the carefully controlled intermittent volatilization of wire by my apparatus should be carefully distinguished from early projects for advancing magnesium ribbon or the like so that .it can be continuously burned to produce illuxnini'stioii.v

A repeating flash-gun embodying this inver:- tion if of horizontal type may consist ci' a centrai or transverse supporting body upon one or d forward end of which is supported a redactor and from the other or rearward end of which depends a casing which serves beth as a hand grip and as a housing' for batteries. 'Within the periphery of the reilector and adjacent thereto are placed two sets ci jaws spaced from each other each set comprising e. fixed law and e. jaw movable relatively thereto and one ci these sets of jaws preferably being bodily movable relatively to the other so different iengths oi' wire may be'accommodated. Above and to the commodate a reel or carrier o wire, which is dlrested downwardly and forwardly therefrom and between the jaws. Adjacent the supporting structure at the opposite end ofthe transverse particu is a trigger. Mechanism connecting the trigger and the jaws is ysuch that 'the first portion of the movement of 'the triggerclescs s. circuit to 'the length of the wire which extends between the pairs of .laws thereby producing the flash. kContinued movement of the trigger opens the jaws and advances a new charge of wire between them. Release oi' the trigger closes the jaws upon the new charge ready. for a second operation. The electrical and mechanical tim ing mechanisms are such that 'the circuit including the length of wire between the jaws is closed merely for the instant of flash and otherwise always remains open.

I provide a simple control plate the movement of which to any one of several positions changes the gap between the jaws and `automatically and appropriately changes the lengths of the successive charges of wire which are advanced.

These jaws and their construction and arrangement form an important element of this invention. 'Ihe purpose of the mechanism which i thus characterize in this specification and the. claims appended thereto is to provide structures which positively hold a stretch of wire in a predetermined position, each end of this wire so held terminating in a clamp which provides a mitive, dependable and unchanging electrical Contact. The eiliciency of this apparatus de. pende upon the volatilization of a stretch of wire by the impact of an electric current. This volatilization will not take place with certainty, efficiency and uniformity of timing and lumen and. spectral output unless each end of this length of wire is firmly clamped to a member which forms a. part of a circuit. Also, lack of such contact may cause the wire to melt and not volatilize because its temperature is raised slowly. The wire upon volatilization is not only fixed but motionless. Movement produces electrical, physical and optical problems which in turn may produce unpredictable results. It also should be noted that the wire is advanced to the jaws with-- out contact with parts which tend to kink or otherwise deform it, since deformation changes electrical characteristics and hence light output and makes for uncertainty and lack of uniformity of results.

As a matter of convenience, I use the term jaw te indicate one member of such a clamp or positive holding device. I am showing each set of jaws as comprising only two members, one of which in a preferred form of this invention has a right angled extension toward the other jaw of said pair, this construction resulting in a three-sided enclosure for the wire. I include within the4 scope of my claims, however, any clamping structure which has two members or morethan two members and in which one member or more members are movable in relation to another or the others. For convenience of construction, as shown in the drawings appended hereto, I show only one .law connected with the electrical circuit, but it will be understood that if desired both may be so connected.

I prefer operatively to connect the trigger with the shutter opening and film advancing device of a camera so that as the trigger is pulled the exposure is made and in cameras which are suitable a new charge of wire placed in position for use simultaneously with the advance of fresh nlm in the position for exposure.

aseuoo on the stretch o! wire between the two pairs, a

complete cycle of operation may well include the following steps:

l; The shutter of a camera is opened;

2. The switch of the flash-light apparatusV is closed thereby volatilizing the wire an making the exposure;

. The electrical circuit is opened;

. The shutter is closed;

. The jaws are opened;

. A fresh length of wire is placed in position;

. In cameras having timed film-advancing mechanism a fresh film is put in position;

8. The jaws are closed.

automatic electrical switching'mechanism. The

appropriate circuits are closed only for the instant when the flash is provided, and immediately thereafter are automatically opened and remain open throughout the entire succeeding cycle of operation. To accomplish such ends, I

provide novel switching mechanism by which the circuits are closed by a predetermined movement of the control mechanism in one direction while they remain open during the completionof this movement and during the entire operation of the subsequent movement in the other direction.

Among the objects of my invention is the provision of a device for artificially illuminating a subject to be photographed by simple, compact and inexpensive apparatus which requires material which is relatively inexpensive and has very much less bulk and weight than the flash bulbs ordinarily employed for such purposes. Other objects are to provide improved and automatic mechanism for artincially illuminating such sub- In another preferred iorm of my invention the I parts are disposed in vertical arrangement, a reflector being carried by a vertical casing which houses both the operating mechanism and the batteries. Principles of operation in each case are closely similar.

In every exemplification of this invention, timing is most important. After the pairs of jaws have been set to their proper spacing and the wire-advancing mechanism correspondingly and automatically adjusted, if the apparatus in question includes this important feature of my invention, and the jaws initially clamped shut jects. A further object is the provision of apparatus which can readily and instantly be adjusted to apply to such a subject widely varying degrees of illumination and in which flash materials of differing photographic effectiveness and purposes may be quickly substituted. A still further object is the provision of apparatus which makes it possible to take a long succession of artificially illuminated photographs with extreme rapidity.

Although I have ilustrated my invention as applied to photography, it will be understood that it may be employed in other arts, especially those in which the production of an intermittent light of relatively high intensity is wanted. Such use is particularly advantageous for producing such light of different colors without the use of lightconsuming filters. One illustration only of use outside of photography is for signalling.

Another object of the invention is to carry out all of the foregoing purposes in such manner that it is possible not only to operate a camera shutter in proper timed relation to such artificial illumination but also to advance fresh film to the point of exposure as fresh flash material is advanced to the point of volatilization,

rier of a horizontal esem Other objects, advantages and characteristics of this invention will be evident from the following portion of this specification.y the accompanying drawings and the subjoinedclaims. Although I am showing preferred forms only of my invention for purposes of illustration it will be yunderstood that changes can readily be made without departing from the scope of my broader claims and the spirit-of my invention.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 isa perspective view of a preferred pistol-like or horizontal form of the invention.

Figure 2 is an elevational view largely broken away but partly in section and corresponding to Figure l.

Figure 3 is a section taken on the line 3--3 of Figure 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary the structure of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a view partly in section taken on the line I--B of Figure 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows. A

Figure 6 is a section taken on the line -S of Figure 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 24 is an elevation of the synchronizing Fiure 26 is a perspective view of synchronizingand flashing device of the vertical type of vFigures 17 and 18 in combination witha' camera of the .miniature type.

FigureZ'i corresponds to Figure' 26 but shows a camera oiA the view type.

In the following portion of this specification and in the claims, the words "left and"'right" view of a portion of and their derivatives refer to a part or device in question asviewed in the drawingaexcept in such casesv as two gures make possible a misunderstanding. In such instances the element is defined in .terms of a ligure. The terms upper" and lower refer both to the'part or device yunder description as viewed in the drawings and also Figure fl is a view taken on the line 1-1 of Fis# ure 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows. Figure 8 is a side elevational view partly vbroken away of a construction of an upper or relatively ilxed pair of jaws. i

Figure 9 is a sectional view showing a form of as positioned when the flash-gun is lx1-normal position for use. 'I'he terms forward and the like refer to the direction (to the right in the drawings) toward which light is projected from a flash, and to the rear" or the like, to the contrarydirection.

mountinga jaw-moving member alternative to i that` of Figure 2.

Figures l0 and 1'1 correspond to show other preferred forms of such construction.

IFigure 12 is a sectional fragmentary view of a switch alternative to that shown in Figure 2. It is taken on the line l2-l2 of Figure 13 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 13 is a view taken on the line IS-II of Figure 12 and looking in the direction of the arrows. a i

Figure 14 is a fragmentary view of a second switchstructure alternative to that of Figure 2 or l2 and 13.

Figure 15 is a view taken on the line i5l$ o! Figure 14 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 9 amv Figure 16 is a view largely in. section oorrespending to the rightward portion of Figure 2 and showing an alternative structure of laws.

Figure 17 isan exterior elevation of a vertical model by which the invention may be practiced.

Figure l'l--e is a detailed view of certain details ci a synchronizing device for the structure of Figurea i? and 18.

Figure .1.8 is a view largely in section corresponding to Figure 17. v

Figure i9 is a view partly in section of a switch mechanism which may be employed in the practice of the form of the invention shown in Figv ure 18.

Figure 20 is a sectional view upon the line Zd-ti lci Figure i9 and looking in. the direction of the arrows.

Figure 21 is a viewl of a mechanism alternative to that shown in Figure 2 for moving a wire carliiication of the invention. i

Figure 22 is an enlarged view partiy in section of details of a synchronizing mechanism employed in the practice of, the horizontal type of the invention as chown in Figures l, 2, 24 and 25.

vFigure 23 is a view largely in section of the structure of Figures 22 and 24.

A horizontal form Aof this invention which roughly resembles a pistol* maybe best understood rfrom Figures 1, 2 and 6. The fundamentals of such a structure maycomprise a. mirror M, a carrier C for wire W disposed within a housing H, an irregularly shaped transverse support T, and a battery casing B, all of these parts beine disposed behind or to the rear of the mirror. A forward or rightward portion of the transverse support T carries the mirror M while a yrear portion either supports or is extended into the battery casing B. This casing is shown as containing only one cell, but in many instances a larger space is provided so that a plurality may be used.

As previously pointed out in the introductory portion of this speciilcation, the jaws by which successive lengths of the wire W are clamped into position comprise two pairs, each pair in turn comprising one jaw which is movable in relation to the other undone which is relatively fixed and one of the pairs being bodily and vertically movable in relation to the other. Such bodily movement is' ior the purpose of selectively accom-- modating different lengths of wire, thus giving hashes differing in actinic eiectiveness or other characteristics. andthe horizontal movement of one member of each jaw relative to its mate is for theV reception of additional lengths of fresh wire which are needed after each use of the device.

As best shown in Figures 2 and 8, an upper or non-adjustable pair'of jaws may consist of a fixed member iti shown as made of electrically non conductive materiaid disposed to the outer side of the device and to the right and a member 22 movable rein-tively thereto disposed toward the left or inner side. .as is clearly shown in Figure 7, the

interior or holding portions of each member of each from three sides nsad of merely two. A similar hat strap 25 supports the inner or movable jaw 22' and is attached to the previously described strap 23 as by a bolt 25 working in a slot 26. A s

.will he readily apparent this construction makes it possihle tor structure comprising movable asaasoo law and its support 24 to move upon strap 23 while it is supported thereby. The alternative construction of Figures 9, and 11 will later be described. As will be readily seen from Figures 2 and 8, the upper portions of lips of jaws 2| and 22 are flared as at 21 and 28 respectively more readily to receive the wire as it is moved forwardly after each volatilization. Interposed between jaw 22 and its support 24 is an insulating block 29 (Figure 8). The structure supporting and controlling this upper pair or set of jaws extends through an opening 3U in mirror M.

The lower pair of jaws, which are similar in construction, will next be described and thereafter the mechanism by which one jaw of each pair may be moved relatively to the other and both jaws of the adjustable or lower pair bodily moved relatively to the upper pair.

The lower or bodily adjustable pair of jaws may consist of a relatively fixed jaw 3| shown es made of electrically non-conductive material and a relatively movable jaw 32 each with flared lips as previously described. Movable jaw 3| is supported upon a relatively wide strap 33 upon which is mounted a narrower strap 34 fastened thereto as by bolts 35 operating in a slot 36 whereby strap 34 may slide upon and relatively to strap 33, such sliding movement to the left serving to open the jaws. As shown in Figure 6, an L-shaped insulating block 31 electrically isolates jaw 32 from the remainder of the mechanism. Reference is made to an alternative construction of jaws shown in Figure 16 and hereinafter described.

A construction similar to that above described for the upper pair of jaws is provided for the lower pair of jaws so that one jaw of each pair can be moved relatively to the other as a Jaw of the upper pair is moved. This construction provides. however, for bodily movement of the lower pair as a unit and away from the upper pair.

Strap 34 is operatively connected to strap 24 previously described and movable relatively thereto and therewith, as will be seen from Figures 2 and 3. It is L-shaped in elevation and has an upwardly extending long arm which in turn as by bolts 38 operating in slots 39 is mounted upon a depending strap 40 for movement therewith and relatively thereto. As best shown in Figure 2, strap 40 projects downwardly from the junction of strap 24, upon which the movable section 22 of the upper Jaws is mounted, and a long operating extension 42 of strap 24 extends to the left from this junction throughout the supporting transverse housing structure T. This operating extension' is guided by supports 43 mounted upon the interior surface of the main hollow transverse support T. It will be readily understood that movement of straps 42-46--24 will simultaneously move jaws 22 and 32 away from and toward their mates 2| and 3| respectively.

As previously pointed out, jaws 3|-32 are subject to joint bodily movement upwardly, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, to reduce the gap between them and jaws 2| 22, thus accommodating shorter lengths of wire. Such movement is made possible by the elongation of the opening through which these lower jaws are supported and operated into a slot 45. Simple mechanism to accomplish this result will likewise be clear from a consideration oi.' Figures 2, 5 and 6 and the portion of this description which follows.

Operating strap 33, upon which is directly mounted relatively fixed lower jaw 3 i, likewise is L-shaped with its short upward extension 46 guided by a strap 41. From the foregoing description, it will be readily understood that as strap 33 is bodily moved upwardly `the pair of jaws 3 |-32 as a unit likewise will move upwardly toward the pair made up of jaws 2|-22, the upwardly extending portion of strap 34 sliding relatively to and upon downwardly extending strap 40. To produce such movement, a series of connected links 48, 49 and 50 is supplied. Link 4 8 is attached as by a pin 52 to the upward extension or leg 46 of strap 33 and by a pin 63 to strap 49 which is pivoted upon a pin 54. A

spring tends to maintain the elements of thisI control structure in place. A pin and slot connection 56 joins links 49 and 50, link 50 being pivotally mounted upon a pin 51.

In timed relation to the above-described opening of the jaws following each flash and as previously stated, carrier C is rotated to advance a length of wire ready for the next flash. After this wire is advanced, the jaws are closed upon it and the.cycle of operations may be continued indefinitely. The length of the wire which is advanced is predeterminately varied in accordance with the separation between the two jaws of each pair. One mechanism to accomplish this purpose is shown in Figures 2 and 3 and described immediately below, and another is shown in Figure 21 and later described.

Carrier C, as is best shown in Figure 3 is mounted for rotation with a spindle 59 which is positioned in housing H which is disposed above and behind mirror M. A hinged cover 60 permits a user to place the carrier upon this spindle. Loosely mounted upon a portion of spindle 59 adjacent the side of the housing opposite door 60 are a ratchet wheel 6| and a relatively large gear 62 which are fastened together for joint movement. Gear 62 meshes with a pinion 63 revoluble with a gear 64 upon a shaft 65. Gear 64 in turn meshes with gear 61 which is fastened to and turns spindle or shaft 59. Thus it will be seen that rotation of ratchet wheel 6| moves carrier C but at an accelerated rate.

Every time the pairs of jaws 2 |22 and 3|32 are opened after each firing of a flash but before they are again closed, ratchet wheel 6| and hence carrier. C must be revolved to advance a portion of the wire equal to the distance at which the pairs of jaws are then spaced from each other. To this end, strap 42 has a laterally of as extensions 40 and offset upward extension 69 which forms a support for a dog 10 pivoted thereon at 1| and by a spring 12 held against a stop 13. The formations spoken 63 of strap 42 and also strap 24 and strap 42 itself may be independent elements but preferably are stamped from one piece.

It will be readily understood that the extent of the horizontal movement of dog 10 will determine the number of teeth engaged thereby and hence the extent of rotational movement of ratchet wheel 61 and consequently carrier C.

By reason of the above construction, it will be understoodv that when operating strap 42 is moved to the left, the ratchet wheel 6| and hence carrier C will be revolved and a portion of wire W will be advanced by engagement of dog 10 with a square face of the ratchet wheel. Contrary movement of strap 42, however, will be without effect upon carrier C since the inclined face of dog 10, which is then free to move upon its impact with ratchet wheel 6|, will slip over the corby respective movements. These latches work against a detent |22 which conveniently may be carried in the upward and left-hand portion of the casing, all as best shown in Figure 2. Slot il'l in winch pins I I6 operate is slightly oversize so that it is possible for the operator to tilt the control plate sufiiciently to disengage the various latches and detent |22 thus permitting spring IIB to advance control member to the one of the three different stations which a user has then selected or, in the opposite direction, to permit him -to depress the control member so that it is moved downwardly as described against the power of spring l I8. By means of a pivot pin |25 working in a slot the previously described link 50 is joined to this control member.. As control member I i5 is elevated jaws 3 |-32 are likewise moved upwardly toward jaws 2|-22 and vice versa. A tension spring 55 attached to link 49 (see Figure 2) assists in the upward movement of control member I5 when released and tends to maintain the linkage of control members 5, 50, 49, 48 and 46-33 in close relation.

It will be noted that the forward or rightward portion of control member ||5 comprises a series of extensions or steps |30, |3| and |32 each offset from the other to the right. The leftward or rearward end of main control strap 42 is turned at right angles to form an abutting control surface |34 which engages the one of these steps I 30, |3| or |32 which in accordance with the vertical movement of control member ||5 is at that movement opposite thereto. It will thus be seen that the length of horizontal travel of strap 42 under the power of trigger 80 is dependent upon the vertical position of control member IIS, such movement in turn through the coaction of dog and ratchet wheel 5| determining the rotation of carrier C. Since as shown in the drawings, the pairs of jaws 3 |-32 and 2 |-22 are at their maximum separation, the travel of surface |34 before it abuts upon control member I5 is at its greatest.'

Hence the movement of ratchet 6| which is engaged by dog 10 and hence the amount of wire which is unreeled will be the maximum. As a user moves control member ||5 upwardly Jaws 3l--32 will approach jaws 2|-22 and the travel of control strap 42 and hence of rotational movement of carrier C and hence the length of wire delivered therefrom will be correspondingly decreased. Although three steps and stations are presented for purposes of illustration only, any practicable and desirable number may be emplcyed.

Although several alternative details of construction remain to be described, the foregoing portion of this specification covers a preferred form of practicing this invention in those cases in which it is applied to a horizontal model. To review the operation: The user pulls trigger 80 and a circuit to that portion of wire W between the jaws is closed and the wire flashed. Continued movement of the trigger opens the jaws and rotates carrier C to advance flash wire ready for the next picture and its release causes the jaws to close upon the freshly inserted wire. The electrical arrangements are such that the circuit to the jaws is maintained open except during that brief moment at which the wire is being volatilized. Manual movement of control plate ||5 is effective both to change the spacing of the pairs of jaws as desired and to set rotation of carrier C so that a length of wire equal to the selectedspacing of the Jaws will be advanced.

The constructions of Figures 9, 10 and 11 may be substituted for the simple straps one riding upon the other in the manner illustrated in Figures 2 and 6 and described above.

Figure 9 shows a strap |5| with angular edges |52 supported within an irregularly shaped channeled member having a base portion |54 and upstanding side portions |55 which are inclined inwardly to an extent equal to the angular configuration of the edges |52 oi inner strap |5|. It will thus be understood that strap I5| slides within member |54 and when used in the construction shown in Figures 2 and 6 moves bodily therewith.

In Figure 10 a squared inner strap |5| is shown completely enclosed within s. quadrilateral structure |52.

Figure 11 shows a cylindrical rod |55 sliding within a cylinder |55.

It will be readily understood that any of the above variations may be employed as desired in place of such combinations as strap 34 which supports strap 33 by bolts 3-5 operating through openings 36 or the L-shaped extension of strap 31 .working upon the downward extension 40 and holding it by bolts 39 operating through openings 39. l

Alternatively to any of the constructions described above, simple toothed racks connected to each other by gears may be used.

Figures 12 to l5 inclusive show switch constructions which may be used alternatively to that of Figure 2. The importance of these switches will be, recognized.

As can be seen in Figures 12 and 13, a switch housing |69 may be mounted in any convenient manner not shown upon an appropriate portion of the transverse housing T. A movable post |10, mounted upon a right angled extension |1I of the relatively wide portion of trigger 90 may take the place of dog 9| of Figure 2. A contact pin |12 is mounted within a slot cut within this post, A compression spring |13, which is placed within a bore in the pin extending beyond the slot and into contact with a screw |14 to which wire |03 may be attached, bears against the pin and holds it against the floor of housing |59. This hoor is formedof an insulating block |16 centrally within which a conducting member |11 is placed which by a lead |15 is connected with the positive pole |0| of battery |02. As post |10 is moved to the left as shown in Figure 13 as the trigger is pressed to produce the flash, this contact member |12 presses against contact plate |11 and completes the circuit. It then engages the under surface of a leaf spring |0I mounted upon an insulating block |82 within housing |15 and finally passes over the leftward end thereof as seen in Figure 13. Later movement of post to the right as viewed in Figure 13 as trigger 8| is released causes contact pin |12 to ride upwardly upon spring |8I thus passing above contact plate |11 without making contact therewith and at the conclusion of this rightward movement taking the position shown in Figures 12 and 13. By reason of this construction it will be seen that the circuit to the flash wire is closed and then promptly opened, while fresh wire is being placed between the open Jaws, and remains open while the jaws are being closed.

Another simple switch structure which accomplishes the same important result in a somewhat similar manner is shown in Figures 14 and 15. A post |90, likewise mounted upon a right angled extension of trigger in place' of dog 9|, supports a contact member |92 which is in the form of a leaf spring and is connected with lead |03.

Y asoasoo This structure estende within e. housing |0I.

As vost and contact member move to the left as shown in Figure 15, the contact member passs from engagement with insulating block I into engagement with contact plate |00, which is connected by a lead |30 to the positive pole |0I of battery |02, and, after having raised 'a second' tive or leftward movement of the post, while the return of the trigger upon the opening oi' the jaws does not again close the tiring circuit.

For the .'law structure previously described, that o! Figure 16 may be substituted. 'I'here are two main dlilerences between this alternative mechf anism and that which has already been described and is illustrated in Figures 2 and 8 ot the drawings. In the structure oi Figure 16. the immovable jaw ot the upper pair is formed integrally with the lower end oi' a tube which directs the wire from a carrier C to its operative position between the Jaws. Also, one jaw of each pair consists of a pointed wire-ensuing Portion and the other has a cooperating groove into which the pointed Portion forces the wire when the jaws are closed. The jaw structure previously described clamps the wire into tiring position, but the mechanism or Figure 16 makes this contact even more firm and positive.

Wire W is led from a carrier not shown through an opening in the mirror between straightening and guiding rollers 20| and into a tube which includes an inner portion 202 and an outer portion 202. The outer portion includes a relatively iixed jaw 206 and a right angled supporting ex. tension 200 which at 206 is fastened to the rear oi' a mirror M. As in the structure previously described. a jaw 201 movable relatively to Jaw 204` is mounted upon but insulated from astrap 208 which generally corresponds to strap 2l previously illustrated and is mounted upon extension 206 by means of a bolt 209 working in a slot 2|0. The construction oi the wire-engaging portion of .these iaws'is similar vto that fully illustrated and later described in connection with the lower pair of jaws.

The lower set oi jaws may 'consist of a fixed jaw 2| I having a pointed wire-engaging protuberance 2|2 which cooperates with a semi-cylindrical opening or groove 2i3 formed within a relatively movable jaw ills which by an insulating block 2|! is mounted for movement with a strap 2H. corresponding to strap 00 ci Figure 2, by abolt 2|0 which passes through a slot 2 I9 in a strap 220, corresponding to strap 33 of Figure 2, upon which relatively fixed :law member 2li is mounted.

These supports for jaws 2| |-2i3 are bodily movable through a slot or opening 222 in the mannel` previously described in connection with Figure 2. The supporting and controlling structures of the upper jaws also operate through an opening 223 in mirror M'.

Likewise as previously stated. under certain conditions it may be desirable to advance wireW by a mechanism which is somewhat more simple than that of Figure 2 previously described. Such structure is illustrated in Figure 21 (Sheet 3i A movement plate 232' is mounted adjacent control strap 82 ior movement relatively thereto.

A dog 220 is pivoted upon this plate at 221 under control of a light leaf-spring 220 tending to move the lower portion of the dog toward a detent 220. 'I'his dog engages a ratchet wheel 2li attached to Va. spindle 232 upon which a carrier C' may be mounted for rotation therewith. It will be readily understood that when dog 220 moves to the left, carrier C' will be rotated in a clock-wise direction to advance wire which is vcoiled thereupon. Movement of dog 220 in contrary or rightward direction will be without effect upon ratchet 20| and hence the wire since the dog will merely be rotated upon its pivot against the power o! light spring 220. A irictional detent, not shown. may be provided'it desired for spindle 202. It will. of course, be understood that the extent oi the longitudinal movement of dog 226 will determine the degree oi rotation of carrier C' and hence the amount oi wire which is advanced.

In order to move this control plate and hence the carrier, a link 230 having biiurcated ends is mounted upon strap 02 as by pin 220 i'or movement therewith and relatively thereto. One and a shorter of these bifurcated ends co-acts with a pin 200 iixed in a wall of a housing for the carrier and the other and longer biturcated end oo-acts with a pin 231 attached to movement plate 223. It will thus be seen from Figure 2l that movement of control strap 02 to the left will operatively rotate carrier C but to an extent greater than the movement ot control strap 02 in view oi the fact that the upper portion o! link 234 is materially longer than the lower portion.

Onethe horizontalof the two maior forms by a description of which I illustrate my flashlight has now been presented. Before describing a vertical exempliiication, I shall point out pre` ferred forms for mounting a camera upon my hash-gun. Any desired or conventional mounting may be employed, but the structure/of Figures 1, 2 and 4, however, is preferred. This Dreierence is based in part upon the fact that this structure makes it possible to change the photographic eilectiveness of the flash by relative movement between the camera and the mirror. Another advantage of this arrangement is that it makes provision for a left-,handed photographer. It will be noted from Figures 1, 2, 25, 26 and 27 that a self-locking swivel joint S is provided upon the top of the transverse housing T and a support L for the camera laterally extends therefrom. As shown vin detail in Figure 2, this joint may consist of a base 240 attached to the top of housing T. A vertical portion 24| of a supporting rod is attachedto or formed integrally with a disc 202 which is movable within an appropriate opening in base 260. A locking formation 243 by a pin 244 is attached to the supporting rod.

To hold this locking formation and the structure which is supported thereby in the position to which they are moved, an annulus 245 is formed in the lower portion of this formation. A ball 246 held in place by a spring 241 mounted within an appropriate slot in. the base retains this locking member in any position to which it has been manually moved but permits easy movement by.

an operator. Attached to a laterally extending section 208 of this rod is a camera supporting plate 249 into which a thumb screw 250 nts, this screw having a thread which is standard for the tripod-receiving sockets of American cameras so that any standard camera may be readily attached thereto.

As pointed out in the introductory portion of this specification, an important part of this iny vention is the provision of synchronizing and control mechanism whereby not only is a camera shutter opened in predetermined timed relation to a ash but also after each closing of the shutter, new material is automatically provided ready for a subsequent shutter opening and flash. Another important and related element of this invention is the provision of mechanism which makes certain that a shutter will not be opened until the material is in place to be volatilized and the dash produced and the apparatus properly set. `When my invention is used with a camera in winch the light-sensitive material is advanced concomitantly with the operation of the shutter (such, for example only, as the Leica" or Contax or Mercury) I provide means for advancing fresh material to produce another dash iu timed relation to the advance of fresh film, or the like, to be exposed thereby,

To accomplish the above result, a synchronizing device is preferably built into the dash-gun. As is best shown in Figures 22, 23 and 24, with reference, however, to Figures 1, 2, 25, 26 and 27, a housing 28! is formed upon the side of the transverse casing T adjacent trigger 88. To the left or to the rear thereof is a clamp 282, likewise attached to the housing, for the reception of a cable release having a control button 282, a nger piece 284, and a Bowden wire or other transmission 285 which extends to a shutter 288 of a camera P having a lens 288'. This shutter may be of any conventional or desired type such. for one example only, as that described in United States Patent Number 1,831,791, dated November i8, 193i, to Joseph Mihalyi. It is of course understood that pressure upon button 288 opens the shutter which is thereafter automatically closed citer an exposure of predetermined length. The camera preferably may be so designed, as ls common in this art, that such movement of the shutter likewise advances a nlm ready for the nexiexposure. ille finger piece of this cable release is placed within clamp 282 and held there by a set-screw 28? movable upon a threaded pin 288 having a head 288 movable within a slot cut in the side of housing T. It will be readily understood that the cable release within the clamp is subject to some slight adjustment and the posi. tion of the clamp itself may be adjntsed at will.

Cooperating with the button 283 of the cable release is an operating head 212 which is moved toward andoperates the shutter release by the movement of trigger 88 of the ilash gun. It will be readily understood, therefore, that the mechanism which flashes the wire operates the shutter.' As is conuncn with all synchronizers except those built into a particular camera, it is necessary to adjust the synchronizer to the camera which is to be used and also to the result which is desired.

The adjusting means described above make it possible either to open the shutter by means of the trigger 88 before the flash. and close it after the flash or alternatively both to open and close the shutter during the flash, as, for example, when one wishes to photograph rapid motion. To assist in such adjustment, casing 28| has an indication 213 marked Flash point or with any other appropriate wording. An arrow 214 movable in slot 225 as trigger 88 and the synchronizing mechanism are operated cooperates with this indication.

'ille mechanism by which trigger 88 moves operating button 212 will be clear from Figures 22 and 23. To the forward or rightward end,

a small plate 218 isattached to head 212 by a rod 211. Pivoted upon this plate at .218 is a dog 218 which is movable downwardly as viewed in Figure 22 by a leaf spring 288 carried by plate 218. This structure is urged to the right by a compression spring 28|.

To move the structure described above to the left and hence to operate the camera shutter, a control plate 282 engages and moves dog 218. This control plate in turn is moved to the left as viewed in the drawings by a pin 288 which is attached to and moves with trigger 88. This pin passes through a cam slot 284 cut in the inner wall of housing 28| and is engaged by a bifurcated upstanding end of a control plate 288 which is mounted upon trigger 88. See Figure 2. A second pin 281 attached to and movable with control plate 282 likewise moves within cam slot 284 and guides the control plate. By reason of the above construction, it will be evident that movement of trigger 88 to the left toward the operating position will be effective for similarly moving control plate 282, dog 218 and control head 212, thereby opening the shutter of the camera. When the control plate-282 reaches the camming portion of the slot 284, however, dog 218 will be released therefrom and will ride over the top of the plate. Thereupon spring 28| aided by the spring tension of the shutter release will return dog 218 to the right. The shutter will close. Control member 282, which is fixedly attached to the trigger, moves idly in the remaining straight portion of slot 284 while the jaw-opening wire-replacing and jaw-closing operations are completed. After the trigger 88 has been moved to its extreme position and thereafter returned to the inoperative position, the various elements will return to the position shown in Figure 22 ready for a subsequent operation. It will be understood that in those cameras in which the closing of the shutter advances fresh film for the next exposure, as foi one example only, a camera of a motion picture type equipped with a still picture control device, such as that marketed as a Sept or that of Barton Allen Proctor, Patent VNumber 1,944,033, dated January 16, 1934, this movement of film ready for a subsequent exposure will be substantially simultaneous with the advance of fresh wire into position.

Under some circumstances, a photographer may desire to terminate the operation of the flashgun at the conclusion of a single exposure without placing a new charge of wire in position. To this end, a special latch is provided, as best shown in Figures 2 and 4. A latching pin 288 is mounted upon a leaf spring 28| which normally moves the latch into latching position. This leaf spring is mounted in a manner later described upon the underside of the top of the housing T. A detent structure 282 with a central opening and two inclined surfaces is formed in the top and to the extreme left of trigger 88. See Figure 2. When the latch is in the latching position, as trigger 88 is moved to the left to operate the flash-gun the latch will ride up upon the leftward inclined surfaceA of the detent and drop into the central opening thereby locking the device. When the user wishes to resume operations, he merely raises the latch by grasping head 284 which is disposed upon the top of the housing. Thereupon he may continue the leftward movement of the trigger, thereby opening the jaws and replacing the wire which has just been flashed. It will, of course, be understood that the movement of the trigger 88 from the wire. v

Under usual conditions, however, the photographer will wish to hold this latch in inoperative position. To this end, spring 292 land the structure supported thereby is mounted for horizontal rotation upon a pin 299 which rotates upon a ver-tical axis. As shown kin Figure 4, the detent is in its free position and will not engage the trigger structure as it is moved to the left. To move the latch into position to engage the trigger, it is rotated downwardly as viewed in Figure 4, so that a pointer 296 which is attached thereto coincides with a blocking indication indicated `as 296. Alternatively, in a construction not shown,` the detent may be attached to its head by Ia pin working in a cam slot so that by a revolution of the head as the user lifts the head, he cams the latch upwardly out of the range of the detent. Alternatively, the detent may be attached to its head by a screw thread which upon the rotation of the head will screw the latching pin upwardly out of the 'range oi the detent.

Horizontal models illustrating the practice of this invention nowhave been fully described. In order further to exemplify the invention, vertical models as shown in Figures 17, 18, 19 and 20 now I 1 will be presented.

These models consist essentially of a lvertical tube which at its upper portion carries a reilector and a carrier of wire. Behind the reilector and within the tube is situated the necessary control mechanism whlch includes an upwardly extending control structure the downward movement of which under the impulse o f a trigger carries out all of the necessary operations of .each vcycle including the operation of a camera.

Below the reflector is situated a casing for the batteries. Adjusting mechanism by which the spacing of the jaws may be changed and like-` wise the amount of wire fed for each operation is provided. Two pairs of Jaws are disposed forwardly of the reflector and adjacent its surface,

- ythese Jaws being supported and `operated by mechanism which extends through appropriate forms a relatively xed member of an upper jaw, the other and movable member oi which 3|0 is mounted upon an. insulating block 3|| vertical depending portion 3|9. Relatively mova-ble jaw 3|6 is mounted upon an insulating block not shown which in turn is mounted upon a hori zontal portion 320 of another and upper L-shaped -Jaw control plate which has a vertical upwardly extending portion 32|. These two jaw control plates are mounted for vertical movement with each other and horizontal movementrelative to each other by means of bolts 322 attached to horizontal portion 32| oi the upper plate that is, the control plate for jaw 3|6, Iand working in a slot 323 ln horizontal portion 3|f| of the lower plate that is, the control plate for jaw 3|6. Vertical portion 32| of the upper plate in turn is mounted upon main cam control plate 3|3 for horizontal movement therewith and vertical movement relatively thereto by means ofbolts 325 attached tov plate 3|3 and working in a slot 326 of vertical portion 32| of the upper jaw control plate. By reason of the above construction, it will be evident that movement of main cam lcontrol plate 3|3 in a horizontal direction will move jaw -3I0 in relation to jaw 309 and jaw 3|6 in relation to jaw 3|6, while movement of plate 3|1-3I0 will bodily and vertically move jaws 3|6-3I6 in relation to jaws 3093|0.

To supply such horizontal movement, thereby opening and closing each set of jaws, a relatively long generally vertical main control strap 329 is provided. A main operating or control pin 329 projects in a direction normal to this strap from a leftward protuberance thereof and is movable within a cam slot 330 formed in main cam control plate 3I3. By reason of this construction,

,it win be evident that as control strap :zo is moved downwardly, it will cause the plate, 3|3 to move to the left, thereby opening both sets of laws. o While the jaws are thus opened and under the which is xed to a control strap 3|2 which is a rightward extension of a main cam plate 3|3.

This strap passes through an opening 3|9 in the' and are bodily movable toward and away from.

upper jaws 309-3l0. Jaw 3|6 is also movable from and toward jaw 3|6. Jaw 3|6 is mounted upona lower jaw control plate in the form o! an inverted L having a horizontal portion 3|1 and a control of vertical control strap 329, the wire is advanced -by rotation of carrier 306. To this end, mechanism similar in principle to that shown in Figure -21 may be provided.

A dog 332 pivoted as at 333 is mounted upon a wire control plate 339 which is vertically movable andl is guided by coaction of a slot. 336 therein and a guide 336 mounted upon the outer protective tube 306. A light leaf spring 339 tends to press this dog against a detent 339 upon plate 339. A disc 39| is attached to and vmovable with a spindle 392 upon which carrier 306 may be mounted for movement. A ratchet wheel 393 having teeth adapted for cooperation with dog 332 is attached to and rotates with disc 39|. i It will be'seen, therefore, that downward movement of dog 332 will be effective to move carrier 309 in a clockwise direction and toadvance the `wire, while contrary movement will' be without effect upon the carrier.

To provide such movement, a rocking arm 399 is pivotally connected as at 396 to control strap 329 for movement therewith. Alshort bifurcated end of this rocking arm coacts with a pin 396 fixed to a convenient portion of the inside of tube 306, `while a bifurcation of a long armof this lever coacts with a pin 39-9 placed in a lower portion of wire control plate '339. It will be seen, therefore, that downward movement 'of control strap 329 will lmove the wire controlplate downwardly by la distance considerably greater than that of the movement of strap 320, there'- by advancing an appropriate amount ofv wire.

Alternatively, gearing, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, maybe employed.

y control strap 323.

Adoornotshownupontheaideofthecasing 33| permits access to spindle 342 and replacement of carriers.

Before the Jaws are opened or wire is fed downwardly, it is of course necessary to close a circuit which includes the stretch of wire which is in position between the two pairs of jaws. To this end, a switch is provided as can best be seen by reference to Figures 19 and 20. An insulating block 330 is attached to the inside of casing 303 as by screws '33| which if desired may be made readily adjustable so that movement of this block may slightly vary the timing of the switch. Attached to this block are spring contacts 332 and 333. A wire 334 leads from contact 352 to jaw 3il.while a wire 333 leads from contact 333 to contact 333 which engages the positive pole of a battery B. To form as desired an electrical path between spring contacts 332 and 333, a conducting'bar 331 is attached to a non-conducting switch plate 333. This plate is formed with an opening 330 within which a shouldered block 33| is disposed, the shoulders being effective to permit the switch-plate to slide horizontally on the `block and to move -vertically with it. This block is attached to pin 323 which, as previously described, is fixed for movement with control strap 323 and also operates main cam plate 3i3. Therefore, switch 333 moves in accordance with the movement of control strap 323. The circuit is completed by a wire 333 which extends to jaw 3i! from the negative pole, not shown, of the battery.

In order to provide horizontal movement of switch plate 333 in relation to block 33| so'that the circuit is closed upon the downward movement of this control strap but remains open upon its upward movement, an irregularly shaped rigid camming suide 304 supported by an inward extension from tube 3l! engages pin 335 fixed to the switch plate. As the movement of control strap 323 brings the switch plate downwardly, the lower portion of guide 333 cams the switch plate to the right. The circuit is broken at this point. Pin 333 thereupon displaces a freely movable downward end of a leaf spring 301, likewise attached totube 305, which serves as a differential guide for the subsequent upward movement of the switch structure.- Upon the upward movement 'of this switch structure, as strap 323 is moved after a flashing cycle, spring guide 361 engages pin 305 and causes the switching structure to move straight upwardly, whereby the contact bar does not engage contact springs 352 ana 353 and hence the circuit remains open. A tension spring 363 extending between a pin 300 attached to the switch block 35| and main control Din 323 tends normally to force switch block 350 to the left. As pin 365 is brought above the upper portion of spring guide 361, this spring 303 vsnaps the switch plate to the left ready for a The above description indicates the operations which are performed by the movement of main Movement is transmitted to this strap by a trigger 312 which extends through an opening 313 to the outside of casing 30B. This maar is attached to a short lever 314 pivoted at assasoo 31|. This lever in turn by a pin 310 working in a s lot 311 is operatively attached to the lever 32|. This construction is such that downward movement of trigger 312 will move the control structure downwardly. Upward return movement is afforded by compression spring 310 attached to a leftward protuberance 33| of strap 310 and working within a housing 332.

A5 previously stated in connection with the horizontal model hereof. house current may be applied, where it is available. I may prefer to construct thelapparatus so that batteries'or current from a main may be used interchangeably.

' A s previously pointed out, the gap between jaws 303-3I0 and 3|3-3i3 can be changed at will in order to change the enectlveness of each flash. Jaws 3|5-3i0, as previously described, are mounted for bodily movement upon an inverted L-shaped control plate 3I1-3i3. A right-angled extension of this plate extends to a point outside of casing 305 and terminates in a control button 330 which is formed with a pointer 33| which coacts with calibrations 332 upon the outside of the case indicating the length of wire between the jaws at their several settings and the relative effectiveness thereof. It will be seen that. movement of control button 330 upwardly will move .laws IIB-3 i0 toward jaws 333-3 I I, bolts 32| permitting free movement of portion 32| of the upper control plate within slot 323 of the main cam control` plate. Lower control plate lil is provided with a ieftwardly extending stop 333 which is adapted to engagea stop 393 rightwardly extending from control strap 328.I Y By reference to Fisure 18, it will be seen that the downward movement of control strap 323 under propulsion of trigger 312 is limited by the engagement of stops 334 and 385. Therefore, the amount of wire which will be drawn from carrier 303 depends upon the space intervening between these two stops when the trigger is in the inoperative position of Figure 18. The space can be adjusted at will by l Indications such as are suggested by the foregoing also may well be included.

A latch is supplied to hold the relatively movable pair of jaws into whatever position it is moved. A rack 391 is formed upon or attached to the depending portion 3|I'of the lower control plate. Cooperating therewith is a latching leaf spring 339 supported by a light strut 300 which extends from the interior of casing 305. A button 402 disposed exteriorly of the casing and having a long shank 303 releases this lat'ch. Pressure upon the button permits the user to move control member` 390 at will but when this pressure is released and the button is permitted toreturn to the position shown in Figures 17 and 18, the lower pair of 'jaws will be locked in the position fnto'which it has been moved.

After a hashing operation a small amount of unvolatilized ends of wire'falis from the lower lamp to the bottom portion of the mirrors M, M' and R. To permit this material easily to be re moved. as shown in Figure 18. a small opening is provided in the lower portion of mirror R, together with a door 4|| hinged at 4|2. A button 4|9 may be grasped by the fingers to open this door. Normally it is held in a closed position by a leaf spring 4|4. Similar doors may be applied to the structures of all other forms of the invention.

Certain structural characteristics by which my invention is embodied will now be clear. It will be noted that in both the horizontal and vertical forms of the invention I provide a mounting by the forward portion of which a mirror is supported. Attached to or a part of this mounting is a housing which extends either horizontally or vertically but to the rear or behind this mirron. The two pairs or sets oi' laws spaced from each other are disposed within the periphery of the reilecting surface and relatively close thereto with the wire which is supported therebetween forming, upon its volatilization, a -line ot light which passes through or near the central axis oi the curvature of the mirror. Since the laws are disposed forwardly of the mirror, they are preferably supported by control members or straps which pass therefrom through appropriate openings in the mirror and into engagement with the control mechanism which is housed behind the mirror. Wire from a carrier also disposed and housed to the rear of the mirror is ied to these jaws through an appropriate opening in the mirror. These arrangements result in a compact and optically efilcient apparatus, as will be apparent to those skilled in this art. It will be noted that these arrangements apply equally well to both the horizontalI and vertical forms by means of which I illustrate my invention.

As shown in Figure l, a plastic or other transparent protective window 4|9 may be applied in front o! the reilectors M, M' and R. These windows may have any desired and practicable tiltering characteristics, as well as serving as protection.

, As in the case of the horizontal model by which this invention is illustrated, the above ldescribed vertical model preferably includes synchronizing mechanism for connecting and operating a shutter in a camera and advancing a illm therein in the desired timed relation to the operation of' the iiash and the advance o! fresh material ready ior-a succeeding ash. Mechanism to this end, as is shown in'Figure 17a, is closely similar to that already illustrated in Figures 22, 23 and 24, and described in connection therewith.

A clamp 425 receives a cable release 429 having a control button 421 and a linger-piece 429. The clamp may be operated by a set screw 429 movable within a slot 430 formed in the side of tube 305, diametrically opposite that shown in Figure l'l. This set screw is movable upon a threaded pin, not shown but similar to 299, and having a base, not shown but similar to 299. This clamp also is subject to adjustment.

Cooperating with button 421 of the cable release is an operating head 492 which is moved 'toward and operates the shutter release by movement of the trigger' 912 of the ilash-gun. As in the mechanism previously described, it will be clear, therefore, that the mechanism which' flashes the wire operates the shutter of a camera. The mechanism connecting operating head 432 and' the trigger is placed within ahousing 434 upon the front of which, not shown, there may be pointers and` indications, such as those shown in Figure 24 and hereinbeiore described. A small operating plate 436 is attached to head 432 by rod 434. Pivoted upon this plate at 431 is a dog i-which is movable to the left by a leaf spring 439 carried by plate 435. 4This structure is urged upwardly toward its inoperative position by a compression spring 44| whichv is coiled about the rod 499.

To move this structure downwardly and hence to release the shutter, and as previously stated in many types of camera advance the illm, main control pin 329, which operates both the jaws and switch as previously described, is extended into operative'contact with a control plate 443 to which there is also attached a guiding pin 444. Pin 329 is attached to this control plate in such mannerthat the plate may pivot upon it. Pin' 444, however, is ilxed to this plate and `works within a cam slot 449 and guides the plate. It is. o! course, understood that pin 329 does not engage with this camming slot, since the movement of pin 329 is directly downwardly. By rea- I son of the above construction, as trigger 312 and hence pin 329 are pulled downwardly. plate 449 also moves downwardly and carries with it dog 439 until such time as guiding pin 444 reaches the cumming portion of its slot 449, thereby moving the lower end of plate 444 to the left and releasing dog 438. 'I'his dog, under the1 impulsion of spring 44| aided by the spring of the shutter release, returns the dog to the position shown in Figure 17a, while control plate 443 which is directly connected with operating pin 329 continues downwardly. After main compression spring 319 has returned the main control structure to the position shown in Figure 18, the structure o! Figure 17a resumes the position shown therein, ready for the next operation.

Figures 26 and 27 indicate how a camera may be readily mounted upon the structure of Figures 17 and 18. A xture 49| with a screwthreaded opening for the reception of a supporting bar 452 may be attached to and extend from the side of casing 30B at any convenient point. An enlargement 453 of bar 452 accommodates a set screw 494 with a standard thread which fits a standard threaded opening withwhich American 'cameras are provided and having a knurled head so that it can be readily operated by the fingers. Attached by this screw is a camera 456 oi.' a miniature type, as shown, having a shutter operating mechanism o! standard type, such as that to which reference has already been made. indicated as`451, and a lens 459. In Figure 27 a view camera 490 is shown with a conventional shutter operating mechanism indicated as 46| to cooperate with a lens 49,2. Support may be similar in each instance.

Throughout the preceding portion of this specification and` in the drawings, I have illustrated my invention as Iapplied to a completely automatic apparatus in which every one of the operable parts is operatively connected with all of the remainder thereof. I have shown a single actuating member by which all of these parts may be operated ooncomitantly thus automatically providing the desired sequential or other timed relation of each operation. In additiomI have shown this single control mechanism as articulated with that ot a camera so that the entire illuminating and photographic unit is jointly operated. Although I much prefer such fully automatic apparatus, it must be understood that my invention may be applied if desired to a device which is not so highly developed in which certain of the parts are operated by isolated hand operations.

ertain ci the advantages of this invention will be evident .from an examination of the foregoing specication, the attached drawings and the subjoined claims.

v@ther advantages arise Jrom the provision of a simple cheaply,7 constructed automatic apparatus by rneans of which a wire or similar material may be automatically effectively and safely volatilized to produce effective artificial illumination for the making ci photographs or other purposes.

i ciaim:

i. in a flash-light apparatus, a wire which upon the application of an electric current is volatllized thereby producing light for photography, an operable clamp comprising two pairs of openable jaws spaced from each other, means for operating said clamp by causing relative movement between the members of each of said pairs of jaws thereby opening said jaws ready for the reception of another stretch of wire, a circuit includ-ing one jaw ci each ci said pairs for applying an electricai current to the stretch of wire clamped. between said 's of jaws to volatilize it, a reflector so disposed object to be photcgr 1 to direct upon an f light produced from said jaws when it is osing said circuit, and reby an operator may tu close said circuit.

apparatus, a carrier for a jaws aaced from each other y holding a -lgth oi said wire therebetween, each o pairs comprising a xed jaw and a jaw movable in relation thereto between a First position wherein a gap is presented between the jaws oi each pair whereby upon the revolution oi.' said carrier: said wire coiled thereupon is advanced between said jaws and a second position. wherein the relatively movable jaw of each. pair is disposed in relatively close relation to said relatively iixed jaw of each pair thereby clamping a stretch of said wire between said pairs of jaws, said jaws being so disposed that one of said pairs. engages and clamps said stretch of wire adjacent its leading end and the other pair engages and clamps said stretch of wire relatively adjacent to said carrier, means for rotating said carrier while said jaws are in said flrst or open position, means for moving said jaws between said positions, a circuit including one jaw of each of said pairs for applying an electrical current to a stretch oi' said wire extending between said jaws when said jaws are in said second or closed position, a reflector so disposed as to direct upon an object to be photographed light produced from the stretch of wire between said jaws when it is volatilized, and a switch for closing said circuit whereby the stretch of wire between said jaws is volatilized by the impact of electrical energy thereby illuminating the object to be photographed.

3. In a flash-light apparatus, a. carrier for a wire, two spaced pairs of openable jaws for positively clamping a length of said wire therebetween, moving means for opening and closing said jaws, advancing means for rotating said carrier to advance a length of said wire between said pairs while said jaws are open, mechanism operatively interconnecting said moving means and said advancing means for operating said advancing means while said jaws are open and stopping the operation thereof after a fresh length of said wire has been advanced to a. position between said pairs of jaws and said jaws clamped thereupon, a circuit for applying an electrica current said. length or" said wire while motionless and clamped between said pairs of jaws to volatilize it thereby producing a flash, switching mechanism for controlling said circuit, and control means operatively interconnecting said advancing means and said switching mechanism for concomitantly operating both thereof.

4. In a. flash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire, means for rotating said carrier to advance wire therefrom, a trigger, movable linkage connecting said carrier advancing means and said trigger for operating said carrier advancing means by the movement of said trigger thereby rotating said carrier and advancing wire there from, means for clamping a stretch of the wire which has been advanced by the rotation of said carrier, a circuit for applying an electrical current to the stretch or. the wire so clamped, a switch for said circuit, and an operating connection between scid trigger and said switch for operating said swat f the movement of said trigger whereby th etch of wire which has been advanced and cla.. ,Jed is voatilized.

5. In a. flash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire, a ratchet device for rotating said carrier to advance wire therefrom, a pawl for operating said ratchet, a trigger, linkage connecting said pawl and said trigger whereby movement o! said trigger operates said ratchet to rotate said carrier thereby advancing wire therefrom, means for clamping in place a stretch ct the wire which has been advanced by the rotation of said carrier, a source of electrical current, a circuit connecting said source and ding the stretch of wire which is so cian:L i a switch for said circuit, the closing oi said switch volatilizing said stretch of wire so clamped, and an operating connection between said trigger and said switch for operating said switch by the movement of said trigger whereby the stretch of wire which has been advanced and clamped is volatllized.

6. In a flash-light, a carrier for a wire, two pairs of jaws spaced from each other for clamping therebetween a length o1' said wire which has been advanced from said carrier, each o! said pairs including a xed jaw and a jaw movable' relatively thereto, a common mounting including members interconnecting said movable Jaws, a circuit including one of the jaws of each of said pairs, a. switch for said circuit, means for moving said mounting in a. first direction for opening said jaws, means for moving said mounting in a second and opposite direction for closing said jaws, and a connection between said mounting and said carrier for rotating said carrier upon the movement oi' said mounting in said rst dlrection thereby advancing said wire from said carrier, said connection being lnelectlve upon said carrier when said mounting is moved in said second direction.

7. In a dash-light, a carrier for a wire, a. clamp comprising two pairs of jaws spaced from each other for clamping therebetween a length of said wire which has been advanced from said carrier. each of said pairs including two jaws one ol' which is relatively movable in relation to the other, a circuit including one of the jaws of each of said pairs, a switch for said circuit, linkage connecting said relatively movable Jaws, means for operating said linkage to move one jaw of each pair in a first direction for opening said clamp, means for operating said linkage to move said movable jaws ln a second and opposite dlrectlon for closing said clamp, and a. connection between said operating means and said carrier 9,895,500 for rotating said carrier upon the movement of Jaws while they are open, a trigger, a spring,

means connecting said `trigger and the movable Jaws of each of the said pairs and said spring for moving. said movable jaws away from the fixed Jaws of each pair against the power of said spring, said spring being eiective to return said Jaws to closed position when pressure upon said trigger is released, and a motion transmitting connection between said connecting means and said wire advancing means which includes means which operate said carrier advancing means upon the movement of said trigger in a rst or operative direction and are ineffective upon said wire advancing means upon the movement of said connection under the influence o! said spring in a second or inoperative direction as said spring returns said Jaws to closed position to clamp the length of wire already advanced thereto.

9. In a dash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire. two spaced pairs of openable jaws for positively clamping a length of said wire therebetween, means Ior opening and closing said jaws, meansy for rotatingsaid carrier to advance la length of said wire between said pairs while said Jaws are open, a circuit for applying an electrical current to said length o1' said wire clamped between said pairs ot jaws to volatilize it, and switching mechanism for closing said circuit, said switching mechanismk including operating means connected with said Jaw closing means which close said circuit only when said `laws are clamped upon said wire.

i0. In {flash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire, two spaced pairs of openable Jaws for positively clamping a length of said wire therebewire. two pairs o! jaws spaced from each other for clamping a length o! said wire motionless therebetween, means for moving one oi' said 'jaws oi each of said pairs relatively to the other thereof. meansfor rotating said carrier to advance said wire while the Jaws of each of said pairs are separated, an electrical circuit for applying a current to the stretch of said wire clamped between said jaws to volatilize it, a switch for closing said circuit, and control mechanism operatively interconnecting said jaw-moving means said carrier-advancing means and said switch and 'including instrumentalities for concomitantly operating all thereof.

13. In a dash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire, advancing means for rotating said carrier to advance said wire therefrom, two pairs oiLiaws spaced from each other for receiving said wire volatilizing said stretch of said wire, control l mechanism operatively interconnecting said moving means and said advancing means and including devices which move said carrier to advance -I wire from said carrier to said Jaws lwhile they are open and to maintain said carrier immovable except while said jaws are open, and any actuating member for said control mechanism.

14. In a ilash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire, two spaced pairs of openable Jaws for clamptween, means for opening and closing said Jaws, I

advancing means for rotating said carrier to advance a length ot said wire between said pairs while said jaws are open, a circuit for applying an electrical current to said length of said wire clamped between said jaws to volatilize it, and switching mechanism for closing said circuit, said switching mechanism including operating connections with said carrier advancing means which necessarily maintain said circuit open while said wire is being advanced.

11. In a flash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire, two pairs oi jaws spaced from each other for clamping a length of said wire motionless therebetween, means for moving one of said jaws of each ot said pairs relatively to the other thereof for opening and closing said pairs of Jaws. advancing means for rotating said carrier to advance said wire, control mechanism including devices operatively interconnecting said moving meang and said advancing means for rotating said carrier while said Jaws are open and maintaining said carrier motionless while said Jaws are closed, a circuit for applying an electrical current to said stretch of wire clamped motionless between said pair of jaws, and a switch for closing said circuit thereby volatilizing saidlength of wire.

.12. In a dash-light apparatus, a carrier for a ing therebetween a length of said wire which has been advanced from vthe carrier, each of said pairs comprising a xed Jaw and a jaw movable in relation thereto between a iirst position wherein it is disposed relatively far from said ilxed jaw whereby said wire from the carrier may be advanced therebetween and a second position wherein it is disposed relatively close to said iixed jaw thereby clamping said wire into position, means for moving said movable `laws. trom said second or closed to said rst ory open position, a circuit for applying an electrical current to one of said jaws of each of said pairs thereby volatilizing the stretch of wire therebetween, a switch for said circuit, and sequential control mechanism, said control mechanism comprising an actuating member and operating connections 'between said actuating member said switch and said moving means for operating said switch to close said circuit upon the first portion of the movement of said actuating member thereby volatilizing the stretch of said wire between said pairs of jaws and upon a second or succeeding portion of said movement for operating said moving means to open said Jaws ready for the replacement of the wire therebetween for a new cycle of operations.

, i5. In a flash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire, means for rotating said carrier to advance said wire supported thereupon, said rotating means comprising a driving and a driven member, two pairs of jaws spaced from each other A for receiving wire which is advanced by the rotation of said carrier. each of said pairs comprising a iixed jaw and a Jaw movable relatively thereto. a circuit for applying an electrical current to a jaw of each s ing of said clrcui ne stretch ci saic. therebetween is voatil"r e ing said circuit, said switch comprising a fixed member and a relatively movable member, movable control mechanism, said driving member of said carrier-rotating meanssaid movable jaw of each pair and said movable eemeut of said switch. being mounted for movement with said movable control mechanism, and an actuating member for moving said control mechanism whereby upon its movement the rotation of said carrier and the opening and closing oi said jaws and the operation of said switch are carried out in predetermined timed relation.

16. In a :dash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire, means for rotating said carrier to advance said wire, two pairs of jaws spaced from each other, each of said pairs comprising a fixed jaw and a jaw movable in relation thereto between a first position wherein it is disposed relatively far from said xed jaw whereby said wire from the carrier may be advanced therebetween and a second position wherein is disposed relativelyT close to said fixed jaw thereby ciamping said wire into position, means r moving said movable jaws between said positions, a circuit for applying an eiectricai current to one ci said jaws of each of seid pairs thereby e stretch of said wire therebetween, a swi said circuit, and sequential control mecha. said seguential control mechanism includi a movable actuating member and operating connections between said actuating nd ali of said means which eective upoi e movement of said actuating member when said device is prepared for operation irst for closing said circuit thereby volatiiizing the wire second for opening said circuit third for opening said jaws fourth for rotating said carrier to advance fresh wire to position between the jaws and fifth for closing said jaws to clamp the wire in place ready f or another cycle.

17. In a hash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire, two pairs of jaws spaced from each other for receiving said wire which has been advanced from said carrier, each of said pairs including a fixed jaw and a jaw movable relatively thereto, a mounting upon which each of said movable jaws ls movable relatively to said fixed jaw, means operatively interconnecting both of said mountings for moving said mountings in one or a first direction to open both pairs of said jaws and in another or a second direction to close them, and an operating connection between said moving means and said carrier which moves said carrier to advance said wire concomitantly with the movement of said mountings in said first direction to open said jaws and is Without effect thereupon during the movement of said mounting in said second direction to close said jaws.

18. In a flash-light apparatus, a. carrier for a wire, two pairs oi openable jaws spaced from each other for positively holding therebetween: a length of said wire which has been advanced from said carrier each of said pairs including a xed jaw and a jaw movable relatively thereto, means for bodily moving one of said pairs toward and away from the other pair thereby adjusting the gap therebetween and hence the stretch of said wire which may extend therebetween, means for rotating said carrier thereby advancing said wire, means eilective irrespective of the position to which said bodily movable pair may have been moved for moving said movable jaws of each pair rciation. to said href" thereof whereby a length of wire (attendingl between said pairs of jaws may be clamped into position, and means for volatilizing the length of wire between said pairs while it is clamped therebetween.

19. In a hash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire, two pairs or' openable jaws spaced from each other for holding therebetween a length or" said wire which has been advanced from said carrier, each 0I said pairs including a ixed jaw and a jaw movable relatively thereto, a iirst mounting for one oi' said pairs upon which both jaws thereof are bodily movable in relation 'to said other pair thereby changing the gap between said pairs and hence the stretch of said wire which may extend therebetween, a second mount-w ing for said movable jaw of said bodily movable pair for moving said jaw in relation to said fixed jaw of said pair to open and close each pair, said second mounting being supported upon said iii-st mounting and movable both therewith and relatively thereto, a third mounting for said movable jaw of said relatively fixed jaw o said pair, operating mechanism operatively interconnecting said second and third mountings for concomitantly moving said mountings thereby opening and closing said pairs of jaws in timed relation, means for moving said rst mounting in relation to said second mounting thereby changing the gap be` tween said pairs and hence the length of said wire which may extend therebetween while maintaining the effectiveness of said operating mechanism whereby said movable jaw of said bodily movable pair may be moved irrespective of the position of said movable pair pelativeiy to said fixed pair, and means for volatilizing the stretch of said wire which is held between said pairs of jaws when they are closed.

20. In a hash-light apparatus, two pairs of openable jaws, a first pair and second pair, each pair being separated from the other and said pairs being adapted for clamping a length of wire therebetween, each of said pairs including a fixed jaw and a jaw movable relative thereto whereby a length of said wire may be clamped between said pairs of jaws, and means for mounting said rst and second pairs of jaws, said mounting means including a iirst support for said ilrst pair whereon both of the jaws thereof are bodily movable along a line which extends between said first and second pair, a second support for the movable jaw of said first pair, said second support being connected with said i'lrst support for bodily movement therewith along said line as spacing between said jaws is changed and movement relative to said fixed support in a direction substantially normal to said line as said pairs of jaws are opened or closed, a third support for the relatively movable member of said second pair of jaws, said third support being movable in a direction substantially normal to said line extending between said pairs, a. connection between said second support and said third support whereby the two are moved concomitantly, a fourth and xed support for the fixed member of said second pair, means for moving-said first support along said line thereby changing the spacing between said jaws, a trigger, and a connection between said trigger and said second and third supports for moving said second and third supports in said direction normal to said line thereby opening or closing said jaws upon movement of said trigger.

21. In a hash-light apparatus, a carrier for a wire, two pairs of jaws for holding clamped there- 

